Полезные команды

hostname
hostname -I          # показать IP-адреса
hostname -f          # FQDN

hostnamectl set-hostname new-server-name
hostnamectl                            # проверить

uname -a
uname -r            # версия ядра

uptime

whoami
id

lsblk
lsblk -f           # с файловыми системами

df -h
df -h /var         # по конкретному разделу

du -sh /var/log/*
du -sh * | sort -h

fdisk -l
fdisk /dev/sdb
parted /dev/sdb resizepart 1 100%

growpart /dev/sda 3
resize2fs /dev/sda3      # ext4
xfs_growfs /             # xfs

mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt
umount /mnt
mount | column -t

ls -lah
ls -lt              # сортировка по времени

cd /etc
cd ~
cd -

cp -r /src /dst
mv file /tmp/
rm -rf /tmp/old

mkdir -p /opt/app/logs

find /var -name "*.log" -mtime +7
find / -size +100M

tar -czvf backup.tar.gz /etc
tar -xzvf backup.tar.gz -C /tmp

cat /etc/hosts
less /var/log/syslog
tail -f /var/log/nginx/access.log
head -n 20 file.txt

nano /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
vim /etc/fstab

grep -ri "error" /var/log/
grep -v "^#" config.conf

sed -i 's/old/new/g' file.txt
awk '{print $1, $3}' file.txt

ps aux | grep nginx
top
htop

kill -9 1234
pkill -f "python app.py"

systemctl status nginx
systemctl start|stop|restart nginx
systemctl enable|disable nginx
systemctl list-units --type=service

journalctl -u nginx -f
journalctl --since "1 hour ago"

ip a
ip r
ip link set eth0 up

ss -tulnp
netstat -tulnp

ping -c 4 8.8.8.8
traceroute ya.ru
curl -I https://example.com
wget https://example.com/file.tar.gz

ssh user@server
scp file user@server:/path/
rsync -avz /src/ user@server:/dst/

useradd -m -s /bin/bash devops
passwd devops
usermod -aG sudo devops

chmod 755 script.sh
chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www

sudo -i
su - user

# Debian/Ubuntu
apt update && apt upgrade -y
apt install nginx

# RHEL/CentOS/Fedora
dnf update -y
dnf install nginx

alias ll='ls -lah'
alias ..='cd ..'
alias ports='ss -tulnp'
alias logs='journalctl -xe'